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Bring Peace To Kosovo With More Partitions

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By IVAN ELAND By IVAN ELAND

Published: February 21, 2008

Kosovo, the Albanian-dominated Serbian province that has enjoyed autonomy under United Nations tutelage since the NATO-Serb war of 1999, has declared its independence.

Some fear violence. The Serbs, with the backing of their Russian allies, both of whom have refused to recognize Kosovar independence, could attempt to use violence or subversion against the new state. On the other side of the equation, the restive Albanians - who comprise 90 percent of the Kosovo's population - could oppress the 10 percent Serb minority. But neither of these scenarios is inevitable.

Historically, when only a small ethnic or religious minority lives in a majority area, much less violence usually occurs because the minority isn't seen as a threat. Only when a large minority is present do tensions typically boil over and fighting ensues.

Although some violence has occurred between the predominant Kosovar Albanians and the minority Serbs in the province, for the long-term the number of Serbs is probably small enough to allay most Albanian fears. Besides, the international community has pressured the Kosovar Albanians to provide substantial security guarantees for the Serb minority.

A greater issue may be the fact that many Serbs regard Kosovo as the cradle of their civilization and many Serbian religious and historical shrines are located there, including Gazimestan, site of an important 1389 battle with the Turks.

History shows that nationalities are often much less willing to trade off or substitute for land with such "intangible" value than they might be for economically or strategically valuable land. As a result, the Serbs may feel compelled to fight over these sites.

One possible solution to the problem would be a partition within a partition: just as Kosovo was carved out of Serbia, the lands containing the Serbian shrines could be carved out of Kosovo and given back to the Serbs.

That outcome may occur anyway if Serb areas of Kosovo secede formally from the new state and return to Serbia or are governed in a de facto manner from Belgrade.

For understandable reasons, the Albanian majority rejects this idea because they want the largest country possible. Less understandable has been the cold reception of the United States, which seems more concerned about playing hardball with Serbia's Russian allies than defusing the potentially explosive future situation.

The most stable long-term solution to the Kosovo problem is to adjust the new country's border so Serbia can retain some - if not most - of the historical and religious sites considered central to Serbian nationhood.

Ivan Eland is a senior fellow at the Independent Institute and author of the books, "The Empire Has No Clothes: U.S. Foreign Policy Exposed."

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