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Appeals Court Rejects Portion Of Pledge Law
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Published: July 24, 2008
ATLANTA - A federal appeals court on Wednesday invalidated part of a Florida law requiring public school students to recite the Pledge of Allegiance, but the panel declined to rule on whether the rest of the statute is constitutional.
That issue could resurface in a future case, said an American Civil Liberties Union attorney representing a former student who challenged the law.
A three-judge panel of the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Atlanta agreed with a federal judge's decision that a provision requiring students and other "civilians" to stand at attention during the pledge is unconstitutional.
The judges, though, ruled that does not mean the rest of the law must be stricken. They left standing provisions that require the pledge to be recited at the beginning of each day but require students to be excused upon a parent's request.
They wrote that protecting parental rights can justify restricting students' freedom of speech, but stressed "we decide and hint at nothing about the pledge statute's constitutionality as applied to a specific student or a specific division of students."
That "invites more litigation as to whether the statute can be applied to any student," said ACLU lawyer Randall Marshall.
Eric J. Smith, Florida's education commissioner, said in a statement that he was pleased the appellate court "recognized the balance between the exercise of free speech and parents' right to direct and oversee their child's education and civic values."
The ACLU sued on behalf of a student who did not have a parental excuse and was punished for refusing to recite the pledge.
Teacher Cynthia Alexandre told Cameron Frazier, then a 17-year-old junior at Boynton Beach High School, that he was "so ungrateful and so un-American" after he twice refused to stand for the pledge, according to the lawsuit.
U.S. District Judge Kenneth Ryskamp struck down the compulsory pledge law on June 1, 2006. Ryskamp ruled that the law and a similar Palm Beach County School Board policy violated the First and Fourth amendments.
The appeals court interpreted the law largely as a parental-rights issue.
"Most important, the statute ultimately leaves it to the parent whether a schoolchild will pledge or not," said the opinion by Chief Judge J.L. Edmondson, joined by Judge James C. Hill and a "visiting" judge from the 9th Circuit, Arthur L. Alarcon.
"The state, in restricting the student's freedom of speech, advances the protection of the constitutional rights of parents: an interest in which the state may lawfully protect," the opinion said.
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