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Mars Lander Probes First Microscope Sample

The Associated Press

In this photo released by NASA and taken by the Phoenix Mars Lander's surface stereo imager on June 8, the two trenches dug by Phoenix's robotic arm are shown on the surface of Mars. Soil from the right trench, informally called "Baby Bear," was delivered to Phoenix's Thermal and Evolved-Gas Analyzer or TEGA, on June 6. The following several days included repeated attempts to shake the screen over TEGA's oven number 4 to get fine soil particles through the screen and into the oven for analysis.

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The Associated Press

Published: June 15, 2008

LOS ANGELES (AP) -- The Phoenix lander sent back the most detailed view of the Martian soil to date, showing clumps of fine grains mixed with possible minerals, scientists said Friday.

Much of the dirt that Phoenix scooped up and sprinkled on its microscope appeared as a reddish-orange hue that's typical of the Martian landscape.

Zooming in, scientists noticed green particles that could be olivine, a mineral usually associated with volcanic eruptions. The soil also contained round, black glassy specks that could be volcanic glass, said mission scientist Tom Pike of the Imperial College in London.

It's too early to make any generalizations about Phoenix's landing site, but scientists were intrigued by the latest images.

"What we are looking at here is a part of history of Martian soil," Pike said at a news conference in Tucson, Ariz.

The mineral olivine was previously discovered by the rover Spirit, which has been roaming the Martian equatorial plains since 2004.

Since landing near Mars' north pole on May 25, Phoenix has been busy digging shallow trenches in the permafrost and delivering scoopfuls to its microscope and a test oven that is baking and sniffing the soil for traces of the chemical building blocks of life. The first results from the oven experiment won't be available until next week.

Phoenix's main task during the three-month mission is to dig into an ice layer that's believed to be lurking inches below the surface. The lander cannot directly detect life, but it will study whether the arctic region has the raw ingredients to support primitive life.

The $420 million mission is led by the University of Arizona and managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

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