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Mildred Loving Fought Interracial Marriage Ban

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The Associated Press

Published: May 6, 2008

RICHMOND, Va. - Mildred Loving, 68, a black woman whose challenge to Virginia's ban on interracial marriage led to a landmark Supreme Court ruling striking down such laws nationwide, died Friday at her home in rural Milford.

"I want people to remember her as being strong and brave yet humble - and believed in love," said her daughter, Peggy Fortune.

Loving and her white husband, Richard, changed history in 1967 when the U.S. Supreme Court upheld their right to marry. The ruling struck down laws banning racially mixed marriages in at least 17 states.

"There can be no doubt that restricting the freedom to marry solely because of racial classifications violates the central meaning of the equal protection clause," the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in a unanimous decision.

Loving's husband died in 1975. Shy and soft-spoken, Loving shunned publicity and, in a rare interview with The Associated Press in June, insisted she never wanted to be a hero - just a bride.

"It wasn't my doing," Loving said. "It was God's work."

Mildred Jeter was 11 when she and Richard Loving, then 17, began courting, according to Phyl Newbeck, a Vermont author who detailed the case in the 2004 book, "Virginia Hasn't Always Been for Lovers."

She became pregnant a few years later. She and Loving were married in Washington in 1958, when she was 18. She told the AP she didn't realize it was illegal.

"I think my husband knew," she said. "I think he thought if we were married, they couldn't bother us."

But they were arrested a few weeks after they returned to Central Point, their hometown in rural Caroline County north of Richmond. They pleaded guilty to charges of "cohabiting as man and wife, against the peace and dignity of the Commonwealth," according to their indictments.

They avoided jail time by agreeing to leave Virginia, which was the only home they had known, for 25 years.

They moved to Washington for several years, then launched a legal challenge by writing to Attorney General Robert Kennedy, who referred the case to the American Civil Liberties Union.

Attorneys later said that the case came at the perfect time - just as lawmakers passed the Civil Rights Act, and as blacks across the South were defying Jim Crow's hold.

"The law that threatened the Lovings with a year in jail was a vestige of a hateful, discriminatory past that could not stand in the face of the Lovings' quiet dignity," said Steven Shapiro, national legal director for the ACLU.

"We loved each other and got married," she told The Washington Evening Star in 1965, when the case was pending. "We are not marrying the state. The law should allow a person to marry anyone he wants."

After the Supreme Court ruled, the couple returned to Virginia, where they lived with their children, Donald, Peggy and Sidney.

Each June 12, the anniversary of the ruling, Loving Day events across the country mark the advances of mixed-race couples.

Richard Loving died in a car accident that also injured his wife. "They said I had to leave the state once, and I left with my wife," he told the Star in 1965. "If necessary, I will leave Virginia again with my wife, but I am not going to divorce her."

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