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Report: Interrogations 'Constituted Torture'

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The Washington Post

Published: March 16, 2009

WASHINGTON - The International Committee of the Red Cross concluded in a secret report that the Bush administration's treatment of al-Qaida captives "constituted torture," a finding that strongly implied that CIA interrogation methods violated international law, according to newly published excerpts from the long-concealed 2007 document.

The report, an account of alleged physical and psychological brutality inside CIA "black site" prisons, also states that some U.S. practices amounted to "cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment." Such maltreatment of detainees is expressly prohibited by the Geneva Conventions.

The findings were based on an investigation by committee officials who were granted exclusive access to the CIA's "high-value" detainees after they were transferred in 2006 to the U.S. detention camp at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. The 14 detainees, who had previously been kept in isolation in CIA prisons overseas, gave remarkably uniform accounts of abuse that included beatings, sleep deprivation, extreme temperatures and, in some cases, waterboarding.

At least five copies of the report were shared with the CIA and top White House officials in 2007 but barred from public release by committee guidelines intended to preserve the humanitarian group's strict policy of neutrality in conflicts. A copy of the report was obtained by Mark Danner, a journalism professor who published extensive excerpts in the April 9 edition of the New York Review of Books, released Sunday. He did not say how he got the report.

"The ill-treatment to which they were subjected while held in the CIA program, either singly or in combination, constituted torture," Danner quoted the report as saying.

Many of the details of alleged mistreatment at CIA prisons had been reported previously, but the committee's report is the most authoritative account and the first to use the word "torture" in a legal context.

The CIA declined to comment.

Often using the detainee's own words, the report offers a harrowing view of conditions at the secret prisons, where prisoners were told they were being taken "to the verge of death and back," according to one excerpt. During interrogations, the suspected terrorists were routinely beaten, doused with cold water and slammed head-first into walls. Between sessions they were stripped of clothing, bombarded with loud music, exposed to cold temperatures, and deprived of sleep and solid food for days on end. Some detainees described being forced to stand for days, with their arms shackled above them, wearing only a diaper.
Committee officials did not dispute the authenticity of the excerpts, but a spokesman expressed dismay over the leak of the material.

Former President George W. Bush acknowledged the use of coercive interrogation tactics on senior al-Qaida captives detained by the CIA in the aftermath of the Sept. 11 attacks, but he insisted that the measures complied with U.S. and international law. Former CIA director Michael Hayden confirmed last year that the measures included the use of waterboarding on three captives before 2003.

President Barack Obama outlawed such practices within hours of his inauguration in January.

"These reports are from an impeccable source," said Geneve Mantri, a counterterrorism specialist at Amnesty International. "It's clear that senior officials were warned from the very beginning that the treatment that detainees were subjected to amounted to torture."

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